The Rise of Science and the Aesthetic Reaction to It Essay

The Rise of Science and the Aesthetic Reaction to It - Essay Example The reaction to Darwin and Freud (whose psychological theory did not as much as put forward the rationality of man, rather that he is driven by irrational forces) was seemingly two-fold in fin de siecle literature. First, was the depiction of the separation of inner and outward character (a painting that serves as the mirror of the soul of a debauched, perfect-looking man in Oscar Wilde's Dorian Gray or a Mr. Hyde, the monster to the respectable Dr. Jekyll in the famous novel by Robert Louis Stevenson) whose reconciliation would not happen in actual life but would be brought about only by death. Second, was the cold-blooded, detached view of life as a field where one can experiment and perform whose boundaries need not be set by society, but by only the individual. In both cases, the case of appreciation for what constitutes beauty or in general, what constitutes art, is laid at the mercy of a conscious or unconscious imitation of the scientific method. But does science lends itself to the cause of art or the appreciation of what is true or beautiful Walter Pater who influenced Oscar Wilde as a student, wrote in his essay, Style that literature's enterprise "may well lie in the naturalization of the vocabulary of science, so only it be under the eye of a sensitive scholarship--in a liberal naturalisation of the ideas of science too, for after all the chief stimulus of good style is to possess a full, rich, complex matter to grapple with" (Pater p. 16). In the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, the "full, rich, complex matter to grapple with" has been introduced to Dorian Gray by Lord Henry Wotton whose fascination with the methods of science was applied to the investigation of human life (Wilde chapter 3). That the main character in the novel would indeed take literally Lord Wotton's advice that "the only way to the only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it" (Wilde chapter 2), is shown how seemingly the material of life is under the control of the in dividual - much like a scientist is in control of laboratory. The difference lies of course is that a scientist what experiments from are inanimate - not creatures of feelings, sensibilities or complex passions. What Dr. Jekyll at the start enjoyed over the safety of limiting his evil side to Mr. Hyde, would unravel when the evil side eventually took over his own body - the case of the material devouring the creator or the artist. The aesthete character as depicted in fin de siecle literature also shows how detachment and obsession are the contradictory attitudes towards beauty. It is not as much as morality or insistence on the weight of value has no part in it, as much as beauty seems to be confined in the recesses of the mind, its purity guarded and valued for its own sake - only to be wasted away when its feet touches the ground. In Dorian Gray, as much as the tiring paradoxes mouthed by Lord Wotton, beauty is only in the mind, and its attainment is through its defilement and destruction in real experience. To a certain extent, the character of Gilbert Osmond who fascinated the main character enough to fall into his trap in Henry James' A Portrait of Lady is a fine specimen of such an

The Development and Structure of Nursing Knowledge Paper Essay

The Development and Structure of Nursing Knowledge Paper - Essay Example Nonetheless, there are some characterizing differences between theoretical and practical knowledge in nursing. Differences between theoretical and practical knowledge in nursing Theoretical knowledge Practical knowledge Also referred to as â€Å"know-that† knowledge, theoretical knowledge is gained from conducting various types of research. Also referred to as â€Å"know-how† knowledge, practical knowledge is acquired through individual experience. Involves trying to identify the necessary conditions for the occurrence of a real-life situation. Involves what happens during real-life situations. Involves what nurses read or are told concerning patient care. Involves what nurses observe during patient care. It is rational, in that it is easily communicated through description. It is tactical, in that it is hard to communicate this knowledge by word of mouth; observing someone doing it is more helpful. It is used to predict future occurrences, using cause-and-effect correl ations. It is used to attend to immediate situations, while relying on psychomotor skills. It is conditional and subject to inaccuracy and future challenges. Time, skill, and competence lead to more refined practical knowledge. In the end, although there are glaring differences between theoretical and practical knowledge in nursing, none can exist without the other. ... The most pertinent issue concerns the incongruity between what is taught in nursing courses and what actual practice demands. Aligning nursing education with actual practice All through the history of nursing, emergent healthcare issues have led to the adoption of new and different designs of the nursing curriculum. In the modern world, the healthcare industry is undergoing a lot of changes occasioned by new lifestyles, new technologies, and demographic changes. As a result, there have been concerns over whether the nursing education provided in nursing schools is still relevant in the healthcare industry. According to McKenna & Slevin (2008) one of the issues that have caused the public to lack confidence in the nursing curriculum is the increased number of medical errors. Fundamentally, medical errors mean patient safety is at risk, leading to an increased number of people dying from medical errors. It has been argued that there exists a large discrepancy between theory and practic e in nursing education. Today, this concern is gaining more global attention, as research shows that graduate nurses are unable to apply their theoretical knowledge to nursing practice. NACNEP (2010) states that a study conducted in 2008 showed that graduate nurses felt confident that the knowledge they had acquired in while studying was sufficient to enable them practice efficiently. However, according to the research, these graduates were lacking in certain skills, such as charting patient information and the use of information technology in healthcare. As a result, it the assumption is that the current nursing curriculum emphasizes more on theory than on practice. According to McKenna & Slevin (2008) nurses spend more time

Bsn vs Associate Degree in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Bsn vs Associate Degree in Nursing Essay Nursing is a knowledge based discipline, which focuses on the wholeness of human being. (Faucett, 1933. ) As per definition nurses are playing great role in modern medicine, either with an associate degree or as bachelor of nursing degree. Both, with the same licensure, the Registered Nurse. Nurse. The Associate dDegree nNurse(ADN) takes a shorter path of two years where the BSN takes longer one with 4 years of education to complete the degree. When we compare the data collected by various groups of nursing professionals, it is evident that the mortality rate, medication errors and patient outcomes are largely improved with high number of BSN onboard. The ADNAssociate degree nurse program was introduced to minimize the nursing shortage during post, second world warSecond World War. Even though The Goldmark report in 1923 recommended that the entry level of education for professional practice as a registered nurse should be a bachelorBachelor of Science in nursing (BSN), the new Associate degree nurse programs, gained much popularity among health care settings, and continuesprograms, gained much popularity among health care settings, and continue even today. Associate degree nursing programs are more to task oriented, where BSN program is based on theory and research. The needs of patients are changing on a daily basis, the need for higher education for nurses is in great demand.. Nurses are advocates of patient population, so be prepared to have the knowledge to help them, in preventive medicine, risk reduction, disease management, public health and over all provide a safe environment as per Nightingales theory of environment. When you compare work of an associate degree nurse with a BSN on a daily basis you could see the differences of approaches between associate degree nurse and a BSN. In this author’s experience, an associate degree nurse is well oriented to practical side of nursing, which is well evidenced. When comes to a patient with MRSA infection of an amputated limp site, the Associate degree nurse, is quick to get the patient pain meds, help with positioning, dressing changes, and maintains a clean environment, maintains contact isolation and provided emotional support. Whereas the BSN is there to teach the patient and family about prevention of infection, promotion of healing by correct diet choices, increasing activity and maintain the previous activity level, and prevent progression of infection and further loss. Also coordinated the care with dietary, physical therapy, occupational therapy, social services and case management services etc, thus provided the patient a smooth transition to the new life as a right above knee amputee. The BSN did investigate about the support groups, prosthesis options, family dynamics, and so on. In this situation one could clearly see the different ways of an associate nurse in their scope of practice vsvs. BSN performed through evidence based nursing practices. The expectation to the future of nursing is that, nurse should be capable of maintaining a patient’s over all well being, mentally, physically, socially and emotionally. One could obtain those qualities through proper education and adapting multiple ways of thinking. The ability of clinical reasoning is very important. The clinical picture of patient is changing, always ask yourself, why, what and how. Why the clinical picture is changing, what are the causes, and how can we correct that. For this we have to understand the metaparadigm of nursing, explained by the founders of nursing. A nurse also should have the clinical imagination, scientific and creative reasoning. The new age of nursing is characterized by a synthesis of facts and ideas that generate principles and theories. (Rogers,1994) . One could only achieve that by advancing one’s education to a higher level. Once you reach that level, the horizon is wide; you could further advance your studies to masters programs, nurse practitioner in various disciplines, go for doctorate programs etc. etc. In a study report from International Jjournal of nursingof Nursing sStudies, June 2009, headed by Dr. Kkoen Van den Heede found a major link between the number of BSN on cardiac care units and hospital mortality. Data analyzed from different countries including Canada, Belgium, Netherlands and USA. The result showed there were 4. 9 percentages fewer deaths per 1000 patients on intensive care units with higher number of nurses with BSN degree. Linda Aiken and her associates, in their Landmark study in 2003 showed a strong connection between the educational level of registered nurses and patient outcomes. Substantial survival advantage noted specially in surgical patient population. , Even as little as 10% increase in the BSN degree holders make a difference in patient death and failure to rescue by 5%. A highly educated nursing work force is essential to the future of nursing. In short, the medial world is changing, so as the patient. So it is imperative that, the nursing work force should change to meet the needs of future health care. So here the transition from associate degree nurse to BSN is much more appreciated and welcomed. Reference: -The reference page is a separate page. This is not APA format. Creating a more highly qualified nursing workforce (fact Sheet) Retrieved from http//www. aacn. nche. edu/media/factsheets/nursingwrkf. htm: Retrieved on 01/06/2012 from Creasia Friberge, The Bridge to Professional Practice, Conceptual foundations 5th edition.

I dont know :: essays research papers

The Resurrection   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As Conrad begins to drift off he begins to envision the awful day of his brothers death. It was just like he was there all over again everything was so real. The dream covered every aspect of the horrifying event, but this time the end was a new beginning. As Buck released himself from the boat and drew closer and closer to the forever darkness of death Conrad froze as he did before. Once Buck had left the known world the same thoughts that plague him Conrad in reality started a dangerous flow beginning to take over his body. Before the deadly disease of guilt and anger grew to strong they were no longer in the water. Conrad was all alone in a solid white room with one door made of glass. On the other side of the four-inch plate glass door stood Buck. He was there with Conrad once again, but he wasn’t there at the same time. As they both stood there trying to find a way back to each other a cloud of darkness crept over the two young boys until everything th at was once white became blackened, the hope of being together was covered with the fear of everything that is gloomy. Visually his brother was gone, but Conrad had lost the sense of sight while gaining the ability to heat his brother. Everything that had troubled him since his brother’s death came to a discussion. â€Å"Buck I am so sorry that I didn’t save you! I wish everyday that it could have been me instead of you.† Conrad cried. In response Buck said sternly â€Å"What happened to me is no where close to your fault. Blame for my death rest completely on my shoulders if you had tried to save me both of our lives could have been lost and that would be a catastrophe.† As Conrad began to arise from his knee he questioned his brother â€Å"What can I do for you?† Buck began to answer â€Å" Conrad I am already gone no matter how much you mourn my death I will still only be a memory and a spirit. But you alive in the physical form and the only th ing I have is the hope that you will live your life with enough happiness for the both of us. The only life I have left is watching you grow and your life so far has only been comprised of sadness.

Time and Health Nursing

nur/405 University of Phoenix Material History of Community Nursing Matrix Complete the matrix with the following concepts, and relate the concepts to two different periods of time in history and the present time: †¢ Describe each period briefly. †¢ Clarify the differences during each period with public health nursing and community health nursing. †¢ Describe the key health issues. †¢ Identify community health partnerships used during this period of time. †¢ Describe how Watson’s Theory of Human Transpersonal Caring is related. |Historical time |Nursing role in |Major health issues |Partnerships used |Watson’s theory | | |period |community | | | | |Past period 1 |Florence Nightingale |Florence Nightingale |Infection with bacteria |Nightingale used rich and |Watson’s theory of | | |in 1860 |developed nursing |such as E. oli, |upstanding people in the |caring was based on | | | |programs for students as|Pseudomonas, Staph, |community to hel p her with |caring for the | | | |well as a form of |blood borne diseases, |her goal of creating more |patients and | | | |nursing where nurses |and airborne disease |schools and promoting |environment. | | |took care of sick people|from caregivers not |public health nursing. |Nightingale and | | | |within the home. Her |using universal |Most people noticed the |Watson’s vision was | | | |emphasis for this care |precautions with good |problem in the community |related in this way | | | |was on sanitation, |hand washing. and willing to help, such |because environment | | | |prevention of illnesses,|Sanitation and |as Rathbone Liverpool who |according to them | | | |and the actual education|cleanliness was another |helped create more schools |both is a part of | | | |of nurses caring for the|issue. Nightingale |to educate women in the |healing, and as | | | |sick. wanted to make sure |community about the |nurses we should pay | | | | |people were in a clean |importance of publi c health|attention to the | | | | |environment to promote |nursing and the need for |patient, families, | | | | |healing and sanitation |sanitation and promotion of|and the things around| | | | |was an important part of|wellness (Healthline, |them to promote | | | | |her program. |2008). |comfort and | | | | | | |relaxation which in | | | | | | |return helps them to | | | | | | |heal. |Past period 2 |Lillian Wald in the |Wald was known as the |The health issues were |When she began to extend |Watson and Wald were | | |late 1800s |pioneer of modern day |the same as far as |her work, it attracted the |similar because they | | | |public health nursing in|infection and |attention of philanthropist|both wanted to | | | |the United States |sanitation, nurses not |Jacob Schiff who then |promote education in | | | |(Healthline, 2008). She|practicing good hand |offered money and time |nurses to promote | | | |directed her focus of |washing, but Wald took |secretly because he was |health and wellbeing. | | | |nursing similar to |it a step further and |Jewish and this was the |Wald cared about the | | | |Nightingale’s.She |focused on people lives |large population of people |community and the | | | |started out in New York |outside of health also. |she was caring for |expansion of people’s| | | |training nurses and they|She taught people how to|(Healthline 2008). With |horizons and she | | | |lived in the |sew and cook along with |his help, she was able to |wanted them to live | | | |neighborhoods they |other recreational |expand her employees and |and work to their | | | |worked in. She not only|activities and |provide the most efficient |fullest potential. | | |focused on the care of |involvement in the |care with the best nurses |Watson is the same in| | | |the patient but other |community and her |available at that time. |that she developed | | | |areas of life such as |biggest accomplishment |She was even able to write |her model to give us | | | |empl oyment and education|was the labor movement. |two books which she |a guide in caring for| | | |as well as sanitation |She even worked with the|received great recognition |people and all things| | | |and wellbeing. She also|NAACP during the Civil |for. and situations that | | | |formed organizations |Rights’ movement for | |could affect their | | | |that focused on women’s |African Americans | |lives. In doing | | | |rights and equality, and|(Healthline, 2008). Her| |this, nurses build | | | |formed schools and |main projects were | |trust and there is a | | | |programs for the |focused around patient | |better working | | | |mentally ill. |care, education, and | |relationship. | | | | |equality. | | |Current period |Twentieth Century- |The Visiting Nursing |Environmental health, |Governmental agencies and |Watson’s caring | | |Visiting Nursing |Association, now known |social services needs, |American Red Cross as well |theory focused on | | |Association |as home health nursing |infection, immunizations|as healthcare departments |caring for patients | | | |has become a part of |and education are the |and clinics are the |and wellbeing. | | | |community nursing. |focus of home health and|partnerships that keep |Today, governmental | | | |Health departments and |health departments |these organizations going. |agencies and | | | |clinics have also been |today.Keeping up with |It is important to have |healthcare | | | |designed to help people |immunizations, well baby|these clinics for the |departments are very | | | |in their environment |treatments, and |younger generation who may |active in the | | | |versus them coming to |education about |not feel comfortable |promotion of wellness| | | |hospitals. This helps |STDs/AIDS and teenage |talking to their parents |and health, which is | | | |serve the poor by going |pregnancies are a main |about certain changes and |similar to Watson. | | | |to them to give good |focus of public health |aspects of life. Being a |Caring for people and| | | |care and also assess |nurses.This ensures |public health nurse, you |their environment was| | | |their situation to apply|that our community is |should remain positive and |the focus for Watson,| | | |any additional needs or |aware of resources and |open and very supportive |and we still hold | | | |assistance. |care available to them. |for teenagers and young |those same standards | | | | | |adults so they are able to |in our community | | | | | |understand possible dangers|today and will | | | | | |to them and others. continue to uphold | | | | | | |the values of life as| | | | | | |the people who fought| | | | | | |for us to have these | | | | | | |rights and | | | | | | |opportunities. |

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The Decline of Privacy on the Internet Essay examples

The Decline of Privacy on the Internet Within national and international laws, privacy has had a long history. It is a value that is inevitably subjective, due largely to its varying importance among cultures.1 Nonetheless, there does exist three, more or less universal, aspects of privacy: freedom from intrusion, control of information about oneself, and freedom from surveillance,2 which have been pushed to the vanguard by the Internet. Economic theory endorses that the cost of acquiring information guides behavior. As a result, easily accessible databases increase the chance that people will search for information that they would not otherwise seek because the cost would have been too high. Because there is such a low cost for†¦show more content†¦To treat a person as a mere means is to use a person to advance one’s own interest. But to treat a person as an end is to respect that person’s dignity by allowing each the freedom to choose for himself. A loss of privacy occurs when the degree of our se crecy, anonymity, or solitude decreases. However, there is an important distinction between the loss of privacy and the violation of privacy. That is, losses of privacy are not necessarily undesirable. Each situation must be assessed to determine whether the loss of privacy limits the functions of privacy.7 As long as the principle of respect for people is maintained, the collection of personal information can indeed be ethical. One way to collect personal information while still treating the person with proper respect is to obtain his informed consent, that is, detailing how the information will be used, who will have access to the information, and how long the information will be kept. Only with this information can a truly informed choice be made. 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